Williamson Ether Synthesis: The SN2 Pathway to Ethers
Learn the Williamson ether synthesis with an interactive SN2 mechanism, inversion stereochemistry, and how to avoid E2 side reactions. Includes best electrophiles, leaving groups, and practice.
Nucleophile: RO⁻ (alkoxide)
Electrophile: Methyl/1° (best) alkyl halide or tosylate
Mechanism: SN2 (concerted backside attack)
Key pitfall: Secondary/tertiary electrophiles often give E2 instead
Stereochemistry: Inversion at the electrophile carbon