Stille Coupling: Cross‑Coupling with Organostannanes (Pd Catalysis)

Learn Stille coupling: oxidative addition, transmetalation from organostannanes, reductive elimination. Scope, strengths, and safety/toxicity considerations.

  • Reaction: R–X + R′–SnR3 → R–R′
  • What it does: Cross-couples organostannanes with halides
  • Typical reagents: Pd catalyst; organostannane partner
  • Key intermediate: Pd(II) complexes
  • Driving force: Reductive elimination forms C–C bond
  • Exam type: Catalytic cycles
  • Exam type: Reagent selection

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