Haloform Reaction: The Methyl Ketone Cleavage Mechanism

Learn the haloform reaction: repeated α‑halogenation of methyl ketones under base, then cleavage to carboxylate + haloform (CHX3). Includes recognition tricks and practice problems.

  • Key substrate: Methyl ketone (R–CO–CH3) or alcohol that oxidizes to it (for iodoform test context)
  • Reagents: X2 (I2/Br2/Cl2) + base (OH−)
  • Outcome: RCOO− + CHX3
  • Key idea: Repeated α‑halogenation makes CHX3 a good leaving group
  • Exam type: Predict the major product
  • Exam type: Choose conditions
  • Exam type: Failure modes / distractors

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