Epoxide Opening: Acid vs Base Rules You Must Know

Master epoxide opening under acidic vs basic conditions: where the nucleophile attacks (more vs less substituted), inversion, and anti opening. Includes interactive arrow-pushing + practice.

  • Base conditions: Nu⁻ attacks less substituted carbon (SN2 steric control)
  • Acid conditions: Protonate epoxide; Nu attacks more substituted carbon (more positive character)
  • Stereochemistry: Backside attack → inversion at attacked carbon; anti relationship overall
  • Common nucleophiles: RO⁻, HO⁻, CN⁻ (base); ROH, H2O, X⁻ (acid)
  • Exam type: Predict the major product
  • Exam type: Regiochemistry
  • Exam type: Stereochemistry

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